Fig. 3: Functional screening and molecular validation of the identified SEPs.

a Quantitative peptidomics analysis of SEPs between two in vitro conditions mimicking the flea vector and rodents’ temperatures. The upper panel shows the transmission of bacteria between flea and mammal hosts as well as the in vitro experimental conditions. The lower panel displays a volcano plot of quantitative results of SEPs between the two conditions. The p value was calculated by unpaired t test and adjusted with Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. Refer to Supplementary Data 4 for details. b Accumulative intensity of the ranked 76 identified SEPs in the transcriptome. The top five most abundance of SEPs are labeled in the panel. Refer to Supplementary Data 4 for details. c Mirror plot showing the tandem mass spectra of endogenous and synthetic peptides, respectively, from SEP-yp1 (top panel) and SEP-yp2 (bottom panel). The b and y ions are, respectively, labeled with blue and red. d Western blotting of SEP-yp2 and SEP-yp1 showing bacterial lysis of Y. pestis WT, ΔSEP and ΔSEP-compl. Arabinose was added in the ΔSEP-compl strains at the concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.2, and 2% to induce the expression of SEPs.