Fig. 2: Bioinformatic analysis of SERA antibody repertoires identifies the antigens and epitopes involved in the SARS-CoV-2 immune response. | Communications Biology

Fig. 2: Bioinformatic analysis of SERA antibody repertoires identifies the antigens and epitopes involved in the SARS-CoV-2 immune response.

From: High-resolution epitope mapping and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in large cohorts of subjects with COVID-19

Fig. 2

a PIWAS statistical ranking of kmer enrichments across the SARS-CoV-2 proteome using the Mann–Whitney false-discovery rate (FDR). Multiple antigens in addition to spike and nucleoprotein showed significant enrichment for one or more epitopes. b PIWAS kmer enrichments from COVID-19 repertoires versus pre-pandemic controls across statistically significant antigens. PIWAS values = number of standard deviations above the mean of 1500 pre-pandemic controls. PIWAS tiling (left): Dark purple = average COVID-19 patient signal, light purple = 95th quantile band for COVID-19 patient signal, dark gray = average pre-pandemic control patient signal, light gray = 95th quantile band for pre-pandemic patient signal. PIWAS distribution (right): One point per patient of maximum PIWAS value across each protein. IMUNE motifs largely mapped to the same prominent epitopes that were identified by PIWAS. Epitopes on spike and nucleoprotein discovered by IMUNE are shown below each antigen (orange bars). All antigens were found to be statistically different from controls as shown in a. c Longitudinal samples from individual subjects enabled identification of RBD-specific signals that emerged over time but were not conserved across COVID-19 patients.

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