Fig. 6: Mutations to SARS-CoV-2 are biased towards decreasing immune epitope response. | Communications Biology

Fig. 6: Mutations to SARS-CoV-2 are biased towards decreasing immune epitope response.

From: High-resolution epitope mapping and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in large cohorts of subjects with COVID-19

Fig. 6

21,127 distinct amino acid mutations in spike glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, envelope protein, and membrane protein in SARS-CoV-2 strains were identified from sequencing data of 96,437 genomes from GISAID. a For each mutation, the PIWAS value of the wild-type (WT) sequence was compared to the PIWAS value for the mutated strain (mut). b Mutations conferring a significant PIWAS value change (|PIWASWT-PIWASmut | > 3) for each COVID-19 sample were identified. For each mutation, the number of patients with a significant difference was counted. c Exemplary mutations that yielded a decrease in PIWAS values are shown for membrane protein (top row), nucleoprotein (middle row), and spike (bottom row). No significant immune signal is seen at location 614 of spike, for either the wild-type or the D614G variant. The Q677P mutation in spike resulted in a loss of signal at that epitope.

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