Table 1 Patient characteristics.

From: Deep dissection of the antiviral immune profile of patients with COVID-19

 

High risk (HR)

Standard risk (SR)

P value

Total number

9

11

 

Demographics

Age (years)

51 (26–76, IQR: 22)

66 (31–75, IQR: 29)

n.s.

Male sex

2 (22.2%)

5 (45.5%)

n.s.

Ethnicity

  

n.s.

  African American

5 (55.6%)

8 (72.7%)

n.s.

  Hispanic

3 (33.3%)

1 (9.1%)

n.s.

  Caucasian

1 (11.1%)

2 (18.2%)

n.s.

Clinical Characteristics

Collection (days post PCR)*

10 (6–39, IQR: 9.5)

7 (2–15, IQR: 3)

n.s.

Body mass index (kg/m2)

33.3 (28.2–45.8, IQR: 12.9)

28.3 (17.5–37.8, IQR: 11.3)

0.018

Charlson Comorbidity Index

2 (0–5)

5 (1–10)

n.s.

Mechanical Ventilation (yes/no)

9 (100%)

1 (9.1%)**

0.001

ECMO (yes/no)

3 (33.3%)

0

0.001

Vasopressors (yes/no)

8 (88.9%)

0

0.001

Renal dysfunction+ (yes/no)

3 (33.3%)

4 (36.4%)

n.s.

Renal dysfunction requiring RRT (yes/no)

1 (11.1%)

0

n.s.

Transaminitis >1.5 UL (yes/no)

7 (77.8%)

4 (36.4%)

n.s.

COVID-19-directed therapy (yes/no)

7 (77.8%)

5 (45.5%)

n.s.

  Remdesivir#

7 (77.8%)

5 (45.5%)

 

  Corticosteroids#

5 (55.6%)

1 (9.1%)

 

  Convalescent plasma#

3 (33.3%)

1 (9.1%)

 

  Other***

2 (22.2%)

4 (36.4%)

 

Laboratory values (day of collection)

WBC (K/mcL)

9.9 (6.7–20.1, IQR:8.3)

6.6 (0.6–12.4, IQR:4.3)

0.007

ALC (K/mcL)

1.3 (0.4–2.8)

1.2 (0.3–1.9)

n.s.

ANC, median (K/mcL)

8.3 (3.3–14.6, IQR:5.4)

3.1 (0.03–6.7, IQR:2.2)

0.002

ANC/ALC ratio

6.3 (4.4–20.8, IQR:3.4)

2.2 (0.1–6.1, IQR:3.2)

0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

9.3 (503–11.7)

8.0 (6.9–13.8)

n.s.

Platelets (K/mcL)

262 (120–648)

217 (10–319)

n.s.

CRP (mg/dL)

12.7 (1.9–28)

7.1 (1.3–20.5)

n.s.

Ferritin (ng/mL)

427.6 (131–1757.5)

449.3 (38.1–5872.3)

n.s.

d-dimer (ng/mL)

2295 (690–18800)

2070 (700–4850)

n.s.

INR

1.1 (1.1–1.3)

1.1 (1–3.4)

n.s.

PTT (seconds)

33.4 (29–70)

52 (29–196)

n.s.

Clinical outcomes

Length of stay (days)

43 (7–127, IQR: 84.5)

11 (4–19, IQR:6)

0.002

Disposition home

4 (44.4%)

7 (63.6%)

n.s.

Death due to COVID-19

1 (11.1%)

0

n.s.

  1. Numbers represent median values and ranges in brackets or absolute numbers and percentages in brackets. IQR: Interquartile range, for select variables. Numbers were compared between groups using a Mann–Whitney U or Chi-Square test (n.s.=not significant).
  2. ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, RRT renal replacement therapy, WBC white blood cell count, ALC absolute lymphocyte count, ANC absolute neutrophil count, CRP C-reactive protein.
  3. *Defined as collection day from first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR.
  4. **Mechanical ventilation for a surgical procedure, not due to COVID-19.
  5. +Renal dysfunction defined as creatinine >0.3 mg/dl from baseline or creatinine >1.5 mg/dl.
  6. ***Six patients with “other” as therapy designation included four patients receiving Tocilizumab on a clinical trial and two patients enrolled on a placebo-controlled trial (Baricitinb vs placebo, BLD-2660 vs placebo).
  7. #10 out of 12 patients who received remdesivir were already on remdesivir at the time of sample collection for this study. Sample collection and analysis occurred prior to steroid administration (n = 6). All four patients who received convalescent plasma as a therapy, received it after the enrollment on this sample collection (n = 4).
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