Fig. 6: Metformin ameliorates L-ORD cellular phenotypes.
From: AMPK modulation ameliorates dominant disease phenotypes of CTRP5 variant in retinal degeneration
a–c Immunofluorescent images of cryosectioned healthy (a) and L-ORD-iRPE [without metformin (b), with metformin (c)] monolayers fed POS for 7 consecutive days and stained for APOE (red), COLLAGEN IV (COLIV, green), nuclei with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Top panels (a–c) show 20x magnification images, scale bar: 50 µm. Representative 60x magnification images are shown in bottom panels (a–c), scale bar: 10 µm. Apical APOE is indicated with yellow arrows and basal with white arrows (n = 4) d Representative Western blot and quantification of APOE signal in healthy (n = 4) and L-ORD-iRPE without (n = 3) and with metformin treatment (n = 3). e Quantification of APOE signal from images shown in panels a–c. (n = 4 for healthy-iRPE; n = 5 for L-ORD-iRPE; n = 4 for L-ORD-iRPE with metformin). f ELISA-based measurements of apical and basal VEGF secretion in metformin-treated healthy and L-ORD-iRPE (n = 10; Ap: 2.07 ± 0.4; Ba: 4.8 ± 1). g pAMPK levels in response to AICAR (2 mM) in L-ORD-iRPE (n = 6) treated with metformin, measured by ELISA.
