Fig. 7: PPARα/γ dual agonist, PAR5359, promotes the clearance of AIEC-LF82 from CD patient-derived PBMCs.

a Schematic displays the overall experimental design using human subjects (see Supplementary Table 5 for patient demographics). Peripheral blood collected from healthy, CD, and UC patients was used as a source of PBMCs. PBMCs were pre-treated for 30 min with 1 μM PPARα/γ agonists prior to infection with AIEC-LF82 (MOI 50) for 1 h. PBMCs were subsequently treated with gentamicin to kill extracellular microbes for 60 min (~t0 h) prior to lysis and plating to determine the intracellular abundance of viable bacteria at 1 and 6 h, as determined by dilution plating and colony counts (see Methods for details). b–g Bar graphs with scatter plots display the abundance of viable intracellular bacteria at 1 h (b) and 6 h (e) after infection. Paired line plots display the rate of clearance of bacteria in individual subjects at 1 h (c) and 6 h (f) after infection. Data in (b, c) of 1 h infection is combined in (d) and data in (e, f) of 6 h infection is combined in (g) with statistics: Results are displayed as mean ± SEM (CD patient n = 7, UC patients = 6, and healthy n = 9). Paired t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons was performed to test significance. Significance: n.s., not significant, p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.