Fig. 1: Effects of LMs on learning and memory tests, locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviour in control and AppNL-G-F mice.
a Experimental design of treatment with pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs) in AppNL-G-F mice (AppNL-G-F-LMs) and administration of vehicle (0.9% saline) in AppNL-G-F (AppNL-G-F-Veh) and wild-type (WT-Veh) mice. b Novel object recognition (NOR) test showed that treatment with LMs resulted in increased discrimination index (DI) in the AppNL-G-F mice (AppNL-G-F-LMs). The score zero and higher indicates more time spent with the novel object than with the familiar object. The LM-treated group (AppNL-G-F-LM) displayed an increased exploration time for the novel object, whereas the other groups (WT-Veh and AppNL-G-F-Veh) did not show such a difference. c Experimental design and fear training scheme for the fear conditioning (FC) test. d All three animal groups showed increased percentage of freezing time between the habituation phase (day 1) and the context testing (day 2), but there was no difference between the groups, nor in the freezing in the cued test (day 3). However, the AppNL-G-F-Veh group displayed a lower percentage of freezing time upon exposure to sound during day 3 compared to the WT-Veh group, and the treatment with LMs restored this to control levels in the AppNL-G-F mice (AppNL-G-F-LMs). e Locomotor activity and explorative behaviour were analysed in the open field (OF) test. There was no difference between the treatment groups regarding total distance covered, mobility or time spent in the centre. f Elevated plus maze (EPM) test for anxiety-like behaviour showed an increased number of entries into and time spent in the open arms, and a decrease in the time spent in the closed arms by the AppNL-G-F mice given vehicle (AppNL-G-F-Veh) compared to WT mice (WT-Veh), whereas no effect was observed by treatment with LMs (AppNL-G-F-LMs). Comparisons between treatment groups were performed with Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons post hoc test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 (n = 14-15 mice/group). Results are presented as median in scatter plots.
