Fig. 4: Population genetic structures (b and c) and trees (a and d) of the clusters based on SSR data.

SSR data were genotyped from nine loci for figs and from 15 loci for pollinator wasps. K = 6 and K = 5 were the most likely K for figs and wasps, respectively (structures with K = 5 and K = 7 are also shown for figs in Supplementary Fig. 11). The trees were computed by applying the NJ algorithm to the matrix of allele-frequency divergence among clusters69,70. The samples used in these analyses are shown in Table 1 and Supplementary Data 1. For the abbreviation of population names, refer to Fig. 1. The clades shown in (d) correspond to those in Fig. 3.