Fig. 4: Neonatal intestinal macrophages promote endothelial cell sprouting in vitro via IGF-1.

a, b 4 × 104 mT/mG neonatal intestinal endothelial cells were co-cultured with 2 × 104 CX3CR1+ WT neonatal intestinal macrophages for 4 days on Matrigel in IGF-1-free media (control) or in media containing IGF-1, the IGF-1 inhibitor PPP or both. a Representative images. b Graph represents mean sprout length per well relative to control. Data are the results of three separate experiments combined. n = 6 wells/group, each dot indicates the average length of 5–9 sprouts from a single culture well. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey–Kramer multiple-comparison test. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.