Fig. 9: IGF-1 released from embryonically derived macrophages binds to IGF-1R on endothelial cells to activate VEGF expression, leading to endothelial cell proliferation, promoting intestinal microvascular development. Deficient macrophage-derived IGF-1 signaling impairs intestinal microvascular development, thus increasing intestinal susceptibility to NEC.

EnC endothelial cell(s), IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor, IGF-1R IGF-1 receptor.