Fig. 1: The Manhattan, Quantile-Quantile, and LocusZoom plots of GWAS meta-analysis of serum copper levels.

a Manhattan plot. The X-axis presents the genomic position, while the Y-axis presents the −log10(P) of SNPs. The solid red line is the genome-wide significance threshold (P = 5.0 × 10−8), and the black dashed line is the genome-wide suggestive threshold (P = 1.0 × 10−5). b The Quantile-Quantile plot shows the deviation of the observed from the expected P-values under the null hypothesis of no association. c LocusZoom plot for gene CP. Purple diamond indicates SNP at the locus with the strongest association evidence (rs35691438) and the r2 (degree of linkage disequilibrium) is 1. Each point represents one SNP. d LocusZoom plot for gene ALDH2. Purple diamond indicates SNP at the locus with the strongest association evidence (rs671) and the r2 (degree of linkage disequilibrium) is 1.