Table 3 Significant robust results of the first and second round two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses.

From: Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study of blood copper levels and 213 deep phenotypes in humans

Exposure

Outcome

SNPs

IVW

MR-Egger

WM

MR-RAPS

OR (95% CI)

P value

Power

Cochran Q statistics (df)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

Power

Intercept (Se)

P value

Cochran Q statistics (df)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

Power

OR (95% CI)

P value

Power

SCLs

Drugs affecting bone structure and mineralization

11

0.887 (0.813 0.967)

0.007

0.83

11.275 (10)

0.336

0.700 (0.509 0.963)

0.056

1.00

0.046 (0.031)

0.168

9.021 (9)

0.435

0.867 (0.771 0.974)

0.016

0.93

0.883 (0.809 0.963)

0.005

0.85

Esophageal varix

11

1.998 (1.317 3.032)

0.001

1.00

11.948 (10)

0.289

6.479 (1.394 30.108)

0.041

1.00

−0.230 (0.148)

0.155

9.427 (9)

0.399

1.773 (1.001 3.141)

0.0497

0.99

2.060 (1.372 3.093)

0.0005

1.00

Glaucoma

11

1.107 (1.031 1.190)

0.005

0.89

8.752 (10)

0.556

1.268 (0.959 1.675)

0.130

1.00

−0.027 (0.027)

0.351

7.784 (9)

0.556

1.110 (1.009 1.222)

0.032

0.90

1.110 (1.029 1.198)

0.007

0.90

Sleep apnea syndrome

11

1.615 (1.212 2.153)

0.001

0.99

2.815 (10)

0.985

1.042 (0.335 3.241)

0.945

0.06

0.086 (0.109)

0.454

2.202 (9)

0.988

1.567 (1.078 2.276)

0.019

0.98

1.625 (1.191 2.218)

0.002

0.99

Systemic lupus erythematosus

11

2.058 (1.422 2.980)

0.0001

1.00

11.266 (10)

0.337

5.412 (1.344 21.788)

0.041

1.00

−0.189 (0.134)

0.193

9.235 (9)

0.416

1.722 (1.070 2.770)

0.025

0.99

2.110 (1.451 3.068)

0.00009

1.00

White blood cell count (WBC)a

8

−0.026 (−0.043 −0.008)

0.004

—

5.921 (7)

0.549

0.021 (-0.041 0.083)

0.527

—

−0.009 (0.006)

0.170

3.492 (6)

0.745

−0.029 (−0.053 −0.005)

0.020

—

−0.027 (−0.046 −0.008)

0.005

—

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levelsa

SCLs

35

0.517 (0.230 0.804)

0.0004

—

30.822 (34)

0.624

0.226 (-0.316 0.767)

0.420

—

0.014 (0.011)

0.222

29.273 (33)

0.653

0.631 (0.194 1.068)

0.005

—

0.491 (0.210 0.772)

0.0006

—

  1. Abbreviations: SCLs serum copper levels, MR Mendelian randomization, SNPs number of single-nucleotide polymorphism used as instrumental variables, IVW inverse-variance weighted, WM weighted median, MR-RAPS Mendelian randomization using the robust adjusted profile score, OR odds ratio.
  2. Note: aFor each method, we give β and 95% confidence interval instead of OR and 95% confidence interval.
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