Fig. 3: Genetic and morphometric differentiation within the northern N. caryocatactes group.
From: Speciation and population divergence in a mutualistic seed dispersing bird
a Distribution of the four subspecies within the northern N. caryocatactes group. Two specimens sampled in the range of N. c. caryocatactes were taxonomically and genetically identified as N. c. macrorhynchos. b PCA based on 142,799 SNPs separated the northern N. caryocatactes nutcrackers in three clusters. The specimen located in the middle of N. c. caryocatactes and N. c. macrorhynchos/N. c. japonica reflects a potential F1-hybrid. c Linear discriminant analyses based on morphometric measurements of 63 northern N. caryocatactes museum specimens. d Reconstruction of historical effective population size through time based on PSMC. N. c. rothschildi was excluded due to limited genome coverage.
