Fig. 2: Results from respiration assays of Monarchs on each milkweed species. | Communications Biology

Fig. 2: Results from respiration assays of Monarchs on each milkweed species.

From: Impacts of larval host plant species on dispersal traits and free-flight energetics of adult butterflies

Fig. 2

a Raw CO2 traces produced by monarchs flying in a respiratory chamber for 5 min; traces for adults reared on A. syriaca shown only. b Body mass normalized adult flight metabolic rate and c resting metabolic rate, and (d) respiratory quotient (RQ) as a function of larval host plant. CUR, A. curassavica; EXA, A. exaltata; HIR, A. hirtella; INC, A. incarnata; LAE, C. laeve; SPE, A. speciosa; SUL, A. sullivantii; SYR, A. syriaca; TUB, A. tuberosa; VER, A. verticillata; top horizontal bar in box represents third quartile, followed by median and first quartile; whiskers indicate data range. Connecting bars indicate significant post-hoc LS means comparisons (Tukey HSD).

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