Fig. 5: Change in soil temperature with annual progression of the outbreak.
From: Defoliation-induced changes in foliage quality may trigger broad-scale insect outbreaks
Fitted relationships between soil temperature under the humus layer and local mean tree defoliation within a 5 m-radius and stand composition. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. Slopes significantly different from zero are represented by an asterisk and letters compare slopes among stand composition types, separately for each month. The linear mixed-effect model was fitted on 3459 observations.
