Fig. 4: Cell phenotypes.

Nuclei were labelled with DAPI. Red dashed lines show the scratch direction. a Mitochondria phenotype evolution over 3 h. The two left columns show the evolution of a normal cell, with a constant phenotype. The two right columns present the evolution of a stressed cell, with changes in mitochondria aspect (IH) and in dynamic profile (D-FFOCT). b Mitochondria phenotype evolution following an oxidative stress. The left three images show control samples in dynamic profile (D-FFOCT) and both IH (ATPs staining) and live fluorescence imaging (Mitotracker). The right three images show samples after oxidative stress with the same imaging methods. The D-FFOCT image shows a brighter and faster dynamic profile after stress (i.e., red in the nuclei, green to yellow in the cytoplasm, in addition to the pigment (blue) seen in both control and stress cases). Both IH and Mitotracker show fragmented mitochondria. c Dying cells (circled in yellow) 2 h after the scratch, labelled with propidium iodide (IP in magenta), showing a condensed nucleus. Mitochondria are labelled with ATPs (green). Corresponding cells in D-FFOCT on the right. d Dead cells (circled in yellow) floating over the cell culture. Lysosomes labelled with CTSD (magenta), mitochondria with coxIV (green) in IH. Corresponding cells do not exhibit any dynamic signal and are only visible in static (structural not functional) FFOCT. IH immunohistochemistry (scale-bar: 10 μm).