Fig. 1: New insights into NLRP6 inflammasome formation.
From: Physiological and pathophysiological functions of NLRP6: pro- and anti-inflammatory roles
a The NLRP6 protein is autoinhibited in basal conditions. b, c dsRNA, LTA can bind directly to NLRP6, thus causing a possible conformational change to help LLPS as an early step necessary for inflammasome formation. d LPS can bind directly to NLRP6, which probably leads to the formation of LLPS, although this is not known; in vitro recombinant NLRP6 protein requires ATP after LPS binding to form an oligomer. e If ASC binds to NLRP6 oligomer, it induces a solid particle of inflammasome f that activates caspase-1 and/or caspase-11, which in turn processes GSDMD and results in plasma membrane pore formation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and intracellular content. g If the NLRP6 inflammasome is not formed by interaction with ASC, NLRP6 in LLPS induces an alternative inflammasome-independent pathway by inducing interferon and interferon-stimulated genes43.
