Fig. 6: Gastrointestinal, systemic, brain inflammation and its correlation with antibiotic resistance genes and the resistant drug classes in GWI mice model.
From: Host gut resistome in Gulf War chronic multisymptom illness correlates with persistent inflammation
a Representative immunohistochemistry image showing immunoreactivity of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β (marked by red circle) in mouse experimental groups Control (n = 11 biologically independent samples), GWI (n = 11 biologically independent samples) and GWI_FMT (n = 6 biologically independent samples). Images were taken at 20X magnification. Scale bar = 100 μm b Representative immunohistochemistry image showing immunoreactivity of synaptic plasticity marker BDNF (marked by red arrows) in Control (n = 11 biologically independent samples), GWI (n = 11 biologically independent samples), GWI_FMT (n = 6 biologically independent samples) mice groups. Images were taken at 20X magnification. Scale bar = 100 μm. FC Frontal Cortex, HC Hippocampus. c Bar graph depicting immunoreactivity of IL-1β. Data are represented as mean ± SD (SD: Standard deviation) of %ROI (mean value calculated from two different fields in each sample). d Bar graph depicting the serum IL-6 level at pg/ml in Control, GWI, GWI_FMT mice groups. Data represented as mean ± SD. e Bar graph depicting immunoreactivity of BDNF. Results are represented as mean ± SD of %ROI (mean value calculated from 2 different fields in each sample). f Correlation plot between α-diversity (Chao1) of resistant ARGs and drug classes and immunoreactivity of IL-1β in mouse GW group in small intestine section. g Correlation plot between α-diversity (Chao1) of resistant ARGs and drug classes and serum IL-6 level in mouse GW group. h Correlation plot between α-diversity (Chao1) of resistant ARGs and drug classes and immunoreactivity of BDNF in mouse GW group in brain section. r-value was determined by Pearson’s Regression analysis. Pearson’s linear regression is shown in red with 95% confidence bands. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s post hoc test) where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
