Fig. 1: Similarities and differences in retinal saccadic suppression across ON and OFF RGCs.

a RGC action potentials were recorded from ex vivo retinae placed on multielectrode arrays. Saccades were mimicked by displacing a texture projected onto the retina (blue arrows in the left panel indicate texture- displacement paths). The texture remained static for 2 s and was then displaced over 100 ms (blue outlines) followed by a brief probe flash (here, a bright probe flash is depicted, orange outline). Each trial consisted of 39 such successive saccade-flash sequences (Supplementary Fig. 1a). b, c Average activity (firing rate) of an example ON RGC (left column) and OFF RGC (right column) to 39 saccade sequences not followed by a probe flash (b), and to 39 saccade sequences followed by probe flashes at different delays after saccade onset (c). Blue window: timing of saccades; orange markers: timing of probe flashes. d Isolated flash-induced responses (firing rate) of the same RGCs obtained by subtracting responses to saccades-alone (b) from responses to saccades followed by probe flashes (c). Lines connecting the response peaks highlight the time courses of retinal saccadic suppression relative to baseline flash-induced responses. Numbers above each response peak represent the modulation index which quantifies how much the probe flash response is modulated by the preceding saccade (“Methods”, negative modulation indices correspond to suppressed flash-induced responses). e Population modulation index (mean ± s.e.m.) of ON (light gray) and OFF (dark gray) RGCs, for different background textures with different spatial scales (left to right: fine to coarse). The number of ON and OFF RGCs in the population varied between 68 and 574 for different flash times and textures (see Supplementary Fig. 3 for exact numbers and relevant statistics). Hash symbols: significant modulation difference between ON and OFF RGCs (P < 10⁻⁴, two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test).