Fig. 4: Suppression of cellular energy metabolism by polyamine depletion.

Polyamine depletion by DFMO decreases (a) OXPHOS and (b) glycolysis in male PHTs. Inhibition of spermine synthesis by SMS-silencing decreases (c) OXPHOS and (d) glycolysis in both male and female PHTs. Induction of SSAT-mediated polyamine catabolism by DENSPM decreases (e) OXPHOS and (f) glycolysis in both male and female PHTs. Bar graphs show mean ± SEM, N = 8–10 male PHTs and N = 8–10 female PHTs. OCR oxygen consumption rate; ECAR extracellular acidification rate; were measured on a Seahorse bioanalyzer.