Fig. 2: Summary plot demonstrating the estimate effect sizes and significance level (P-values).
From: Mendelian randomization reveals causal effects of kidney function on various biochemical parameters
The X-axis indicates the causal estimate effect sizes (by the fixed-effects inverse variance–weighted method), which were normalized to a 10% eGFR increase per standard deviation change in a biochemical parameter. The Y-axis indicates the -log10(P-value) to demonstrate a biochemical with a lower P-value to be presented in the upper part. The names of the biochemical parameters with significant causal estimates toward both by inverse variance–weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted-median methods are presented. The dots for the consistently significant findings are presented as red. As the causal estimates toward urea, which was the most prominent significant finding, had very low P-value, the parameter is separately marked in the left-upper corner of the figure.
