Fig. 5: Proposed mechanism of action of SQ109. | Communications Biology

Fig. 5: Proposed mechanism of action of SQ109.

From: The 1, 2-ethylenediamine SQ109 protects against tuberculosis by promoting M1 macrophage polarization through the p38 MAPK pathway

Fig. 5

SQ109 has a dual mode of action, with direct bactericidal activity and immunomodulatory properties. SQ109 activates the MAPK and JNK pathways in macrophages, leading to the induction of pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophage responses and apoptosis. Pro-inflammatory responses further modulate the dynamics of T helper cells, which imparts further protection to the host. SQ109 induces production of iNOS, which further mediates the killing of intracellular mycobacteria.

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