Fig. 5: Analysis of the ginsenoside Re production in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.

a HPLC analyses of Rg1, Re, F1, PPT, CK, DMG, and PPD produced in yeast strain Re-01. Mixed samples of ginsenosides were monitored as standards. The Rg1 chassis strain Rg1-02 was used as a negative control. b Quantitative analysis of Re and its related intermediate Rg1 in engineered yeast strains. All data represent the mean of n = 3 biologically independent samples and error bars show standard deviation.