Fig. 1: The first finds of the extinct [Coragyps] occidentalis in South America and characterization of all known Coragyps fossils.

a Fossils identified as [Coragyps] occidentalis collected in the cave Casa del Diablo situated at c. 3800 m a.s.l. in the Altiplano of southern Peru (marked with a red star on the map). b Localities for fossil Coragyps specimens were identified as either atratus (blue) or occidentalis (red). c The ratio diagrams illustrate that occidentalis (red) and atratus (blue) have marked differences in their body proportions. Skull measurements (left) are from Fisher (1944) and postcranial measurements from Howard (1968) (for data, see S3 Table in S1 Appendix). The whiskers around the mean value indicate the minimum and maximum values observed. If occidentalis would be an upscaled version of atratus, the red (occidentalis) and blue (atratus) lines in the ratio diagrams would be parallel and shifted sideways in relation to the amount of difference in their average sizes. d Elevational and temporal distributions of localities yielding fossils of Coragyps atratus (blue) and [Coragyps] occidentalis (red). The gray hatched area indicates the estimated time of the split between atratus and occidentalis based on molecular data herein. A reconstruction of [Coragyps] occidentalis by Julian P. Hume is inserted into the map.