Fig. 5: Sperm motility features of fresh and capacitated sperm.

a Quantile map of the motility features used in the t-SNE (VCL curvilinear velocity, VSL straight-line velocity, ALH lateral amplitude of the head displacement, and BCF beat-cross frequency). Colours represent an interval of values (eight percentiles, from 0–12.5 to 87.5–100) of each variable amended for a gradient visualisation. b Location of fresh sperm (purple) and capacitated sperm (green). Sperm labelled as capacitated were kept in a medium that elicits in vitro capacitation (containing albumin, bicarbonate and calcium, amongst others). The left panel is a pointwise representation of capacitated and fresh sperm. The right panel depicts a cell-wise hard clustering in a 200 × 200 grid. Cells were assigned "capacitated" or "fresh" depending on the density of points in each category (i.e., if a cell had a higher proportion of fresh sperm, it was labelled as fresh, and capacitated otherwise). c Heatmap of the landscape distribution of capacitated (left panel) and fresh sperm (right panel).