Fig. 1: Mealybug wax and its relative chemical composition in adult P. solenopsis females.

a The wax covering on female P. solenopsis (top) appears filamentous under SEM (×4000, below). b Relative contents of identified chemical components based on GC–MS analysis. Wax, respectively, dissolved in n-hexane and methanol were analyzed on polar and nonpolar chromatographic columns, producing four test results. The solvent and column type are shown on top of each pie chart.