Fig. 4: Coherence changes in individuals with neuropathic pain compared to HC group in specific frequency ranges.

The brain maps show connections (in blue) associated with significant changes between neuropathic pain and healthy control groups in one brain state; each dot (black) represents one brain region. In the circular coherence plots, blue and red/yellow colors reflect respectively coherence that is lower and higher in neuropathic pain than in the control group. In neuropathic pain patients, we found that the coherence was a higher in the salience (SN; left: S1, pINS, aINS, thalamus, caudate, mPFC, MCC, sgACC; right: DLPFC, M1, medial temporal lobe (MTL), pINS, S1, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), Precuneus, occipital lobe) state in the alpha band; and b in the sensorimotor (SMN; dmPFC, mPFC, sgACC, MTL, pallidum, putamen, caudate Left: occi, TPJ, S1, M1, DLPFC, right: amygdala, S2) state in the beta band, c whereas coherence was lower in the dorsal attention state (sgACC, MCC; right: aINS, DLPFC, pallidum, putamen) in the delta/theta compared with healthy control. *P < 0.01, corrected 5000 permutations, network-based statistic method.