Fig. 3: Successive coronal MRI images in MNI stereotaxic coordinates (Y) depicting the lesion of patient MM with damage to the dorsal posterior language region.

The lesion first appears below the central sulcus, just posterior to the sulcus acousticus, at Y-12, where a small part of the STG is damaged. At approximately Y-19, there is damage to both the planum temporale, where HG lies and the lateral part of the STG, including both banks of the sts (involving the classic Wernicke region). At Y-27, there is complete damage to HG, planum temporale, the entire STG and both banks of sts. At this level, one observes damage to the parietal operculum and the anterior part of SMG (area PF). At Y-39, there is still damage to the entire STG, including both banks of the sts. The parietal operculum, and the ventral part of SMG are completely destroyed, as well as the underlying white matter, which affected fibers from both the SLF III and AF. Further posteriorly, at Y-47, the entire SMG, STG and both banks of sts, as well as the underlying white matter is destroyed. At Y-51, the lesion includes the entire STG and both banks of the sts. The lesion extends from the ips, down to the posterior temporal lobe. Thus, all of the SMG was damaged including the adjacent STG and the upper part of adjacent MTG. At Y-59, again there is damage in the SMG gyrus and the underlying white matter. The damage extends from the ips as far as the posteriormost part of the adjacent MTG. At Y-63, the lesion extends below the ips including the ANG and MTG, until the mts-p. Between Y-71 and Y-79, the lesion includes the ANG from the intraparietal sulcus as far ventral as the csts-3. Brain areas are topologically defined according to the atlas of the morphology of the human cerebral cortex in the MNI Stereotaxic Space⁶⁷. ANG angular gyrus; aplf ascending posterior ramus of the lateral fissure; csts1 caudal superior temporal sulcus, branch 1; csts3 caudal superior temporal sulcus, branch 3; HG Heschl’s gyrus; IPL inferior parietal lobule; ips intraparietal sulcus; lf lateral fissure; MTG middle temporal gyrus; mts-p posterior middle temporal sulcus; PoG postcentral gyrus; SMG supramarginal gyrus; STG superior temporal gyrus; sts superior temporal sulcus.