Fig. 2: Angular differences at the coronary artery branching points cause turbulent flow patterns, perturb velocity dispensation thereby forming WSS gradient.
From: Angular difference in human coronary artery governs endothelial cell structure and function
a–f Velocity vectors on steady-state simulations of 30° (a), 40° (b), 50° (c), 60° (d), 70° (e) and 80° (f) bifurcation angles. g Outlet fluid flow velocities (m/s) obtained from right/fixed arm and left/variable arm of human coronary artery with 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80° branching points. h–m Velocity vectors of pulsatile-rigid simulations in coronary artery with bifurcation angle 30° (h), 40° (i), 50° (j), 60° (k), 70° (l), and 80° (m) at t = 0.415 s. n WSS or TAWSS in the D-Flow regions variable and fixed for steady-state and pulsatile-rigid simulations. o Based on the simulation studies performed on a bifurcated human right-coronary artery, various zone were identified and defined across the vessel. Inlet arm: steady laminar flow (S-Flow), right/fixed outer wall (bifurcation): disturbed flow in fixed arm (D-Fixed), left/variable outer wall (bifurcation): disturbed flow in variable arm (D-Variable), steady laminar flow outlet arms: right/fixed arm (S-Fixed) and left/variable arm (S-Variable). Similar regions were identified and used for in vitro microscopic analysis EC exposed to shear stress in the microchannels.
