Fig. 1: Measure of intra-individual diversity at species level of the microbiome in Nunavik Inuit, in individuals from non-industrial and industrial societies.

Breakaway richness estimate highlights a higher alpha diversity in the Nunavik gut microbiome (n = 279), compared to non-industrial (n = 73, T-test; p-value = 0.005) and industrial (n = 104, T-test; p-value = 7.6e-14) populations. (*p-value ≤ 0.05, **p-value ≤ 0.01, ***p-value ≤ 0.001, ****p-value ≤ 0.0001).