Fig. 8: Expression of hippocampal DG Wnt pathway elements after environmental enrichment and treadmill exercises.

qRT-PCR analyses of a canonical and b noncanonical Wnt ligands (n = 6 mice/group; a two-way ANOVA, Strain: F (_{5, 60}) = 17.0, P < 0.001, Gene targets: F (_{1, 60}) = 0.0245, P = 0.876; Strain × Gene targets: F (_{5, 60}) = 4.51, P = 0.001; b one-way ANOVA, F (_{5, 30}) = 1.82, P = 0.139), the c canonical and d noncanonical Wnt inhibitors (n = 6 mice/group; a two-way ANOVA, Strain: F (_{5, 60}) = 4.35, P = 0.002, Gene targets: F (_{1, 60}) = 5.72, P = 0.020; Strain × Gene targets: F (_{5, 60}) = 4.51, P < 0.001; b two-way ANOVA, Strain: F (_{5, 60}) = 5.18, P < 0.001, Gene targets: F (_{1, 60}) = 1.63, P = 0.207; Strain × Gene targets: F (_{5, 60}) = 11.1, P < 0.001), and the mRNA expression levels of e Wnt receptors, f canonical, g noncanonical Wnt co-receptors, and h the Wnt signaling multiprotein complex (n = 6 mice/group; e two-way ANOVA, Strain: F (_{5, 60}) = 20.6, P < 0.001, Gene targets: F (_{1, 60}) = 6.38, P = 0.014; Strain × Gene targets: F (_{5, 60}) = 7.70, P < 0.001; f two-way ANOVA, Strain: F (_{5, 60}) = 5.52, P < 0.001, Gene targets: F (_{1, 60}) = 8.80, P = 0.004; Strain × Gene targets: F (_{5, 60})  = 5.81, P < 0.001); g one-way ANOVA, F (_{5, 30}) = 8.30, P < 0.001; f two-way ANOVA, Strain: F (_{5, 150}) = 40.6, P < 0.001, Gene targets: F (_{4, 150}) = 45.6, P < 0.001; Strain × Gene targets: F (_{20, 150}) = 9.67, P < 0.001). Confirmation of protein levels of some (i) mediators in the multiprotein complex (p-GSK3B, GSK3B, CSNK1E) (n = 6 mice/group; two-way ANOVA, SE/E exposure per strain: F (_{5, 90}) = 3.58, P = 0.005, Gene targets: F (_{2, 90})  = 4.01, P = 0.022; SE/E exposure per Strain × Gene targets: F (_{10, 90}) = 8.34, P < 0.001). Values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Environmental enrichment and treadmill exercise improve the Wnt signaling in mice. EE enriched environment, SE standard environment.