Fig. 1: Nitrogen isotope ratios measured in enamel (top) and bone collagen (bottom).

a δ15Nenamel and b δ15Nbone-collagen values for all modern African herbivores and carnivores measured in this study, with mean and standard deviation (1σ) indicated. The bolded black arrow illustrates the average trophic enrichment between herbivores and carnivores, which is similar in both datasets. Box plots of c δ15Nenamel and d δ15Nbone-collagen values for all dietary groups indicating the median and 25th percentiles. The δ15N values for all individuals are plotted by taxon within each dietary group (see Figure legend).