Fig. 5: Cross plot of δ¹³C_enamel and δ¹⁵N_enamel for all fossil tooth samples from Tam Hay Marklot (THM) Cave.

Herbivore (browsers, dark green; grazers, light green; mixed feeder, brown-green), omnivore (purple), and carnivore (blue) taxa are indicated. One individual was measured for all taxa, with the exception of the wild boar. Green shaded bars at the top of the figure indicate tooth enamel δ¹³C isotopic ranges for herbivores corresponding to pure C₃ (browsing) and C₄ (grazing) resource utilization (enamel δ¹³C after Cerling et al.¹⁰⁴ and corrected for a fossil-fuel-induced shift in the δ¹³C atmospheric CO₂ of ~ −2.0‰⁹⁸). Grazing taxa are clearly distinguished from the rest of the fauna by their higher δ¹³C_enamel values. Most of the THM fauna lived and foraged in predominantly C₃ habitats. Herbivores and omnivores have lower δ¹⁵N_enamel values compared to the single carnivore, which has the highest value (Panthera pardus).