Fig. 2: Water bath sonication causes slight dispersal of aggregates, with minimal increases in antibiotic sensitivity. | Communications Biology

Fig. 2: Water bath sonication causes slight dispersal of aggregates, with minimal increases in antibiotic sensitivity.

From: Microbubble cavitation restores Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility in vitro and in a septic arthritis model

Fig. 2

a Diagram of S. aureus aggregation and dispersal demonstrating that aggregation causes a decrease in CFU. With dispersal, CFU (trypsin) approximates the CFU that would be obtained in a non-aggregating medium. b MSSA CFUs recovered in TSB or pSynF after increasing times of sonication in a water bath. TSB is presented as a control. The 30 min sonication results in the greatest dispersal of aggregates (increased CFU/ml). c Antibiotic (AMK) sensitivity of MSSA cultures in TSB or pSynF that were sonicated in a water bath sonicator for up to 30 min. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Symbols indicate individual points and scatter of data. For each bar b, n = 17 (TSB, 20 min, 30 min; pSynF, 10 min, 30 min) or 18 (TSB, 0 min, 10 min; pSynF, 0 min, 20 min), or c, n = 9. Individual data points are shown as open, colored symbols. Normality was checked using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Comparisons were done using b ordinary ANOVA for multiple comparisons or c Kruskal–Wallis test for multiple comparisons. ns, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.

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