Fig. 5: S. aureus aggregates and microbubble cavitation in a pig model. | Communications Biology

Fig. 5: S. aureus aggregates and microbubble cavitation in a pig model.

From: Microbubble cavitation restores Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility in vitro and in a septic arthritis model

Fig. 5

a (created with BioRender) Cartoon showing comparative in vitro and in vivo treatments. Note that ultrasound+AMK alone is effective in vitro but required AMK + UTMD in vivo. b SynF markers before treatment. c Representative scanning electron micrograph of 24 h pre-treatment S. aureus aggregates in the septic joint. Shown are fibrous S. aureus aggregates containing neutrophils, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes. Representative confocal images of an S. aureus aggregate from a septic joint. Three-color imaging shows the abundance of sugars, proteins (representative of extracellular matrix), and nucleic acids (representative of extracellular DNA). The merged image shows their relationships. d Microbubbles (within yellow circle) in SynF in septic joint. e Average recovered CFU in infected joints after treatment with AMK alone (n = 5), AMK with insonation (AMK + US; n = 3), or AMK with UTMD (n = 7). Comparison of average histological scores for synovium from septic joints treated with AMK alone (n = 4) or AMK + UTMD (n = 8). Individual data points are shown as open, colored symbols. Values are means ± standard deviation. Comparisons done using Kruskal–Wallis test for multiple comparisons. ns, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.

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