Fig. 5: Temporal trend of ecological and environmental parameters of C. simensis in Ethiopia and Melka Wakena.
From: The earliest Ethiopian wolf: implications for the species evolution and its future survival
a Temporal trend of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values computed for the last 2 Ma at the site of Melka Wakena (violet line), as mean value in the whole Ethiopia (blue line). At the base of this panel (a) a sequence of green points indicates the temporal intervals with environmental conditions in Ethiopia better than the present time interval; below, the sequence of orange points indicates temporal intervals with conditions similar to the current climate in Ethiopia. In some cases, these two different sequences of green and orange points apparently overlap in time, thus generating time bins that seem to include both better and similar conditions to present Ethiopia. This is only a graphical issue due to limit of minimum pixel size in the image. In order to make present and past time bins comparable, current climatic conditions were determined by using the Raia et al.55 raster layer for the present. b Temporal trend of the species’ geographic range’s Log10 surface area. For species’ geographic range computation, see “Methods” section. c Temporal trend of the Log10 mean altitude sampled by the species in the reconstructed geographic range. Orange vertical dashed lines indicate time intervals important to the fossil localitity of Melka Wakena: 1690 ka, the maximum estimated radiometric age of the site; 1657 ka, age with the highest HSI value reconstructed for the site in the estimated age range; 1437 ka, age with the lowest HSI value reconstructed for the site in the estimated age range; 1324 ka, the minimum estimated radiometric age of the site; LIG, Last Interglacial (~123 ka); LGM, Last Glacial Maximum (~22 ka).
