Fig. 4: Human use of birds and mammals across trait space.
From: Humanity’s diverse predatory niche and its ecological consequences
a Position of 16,413 terrestrial bird and mammal species across ecological and morphological trait space—colored by use, threat and extinction risk; contours indicate 50% probability contours. Comparisons of b total volume and c unique volume between observed and randomized trait spaces; squares indicate medians, and bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. ‘Extinction risk’ refers to species assessed as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered by the IUCN. d Prey volume of comparable predators and humans across equivalent geographic ranges. Only ‘Human-all uses’ is visualized; estimates for ‘Human-food’ are approximately equivalent, due to the non-linear scaling of volume with the number of species. See Ecological trait space section of Methods for details.
