Fig. 1: Radiation induces an innate immune response via a viral response pathway. | Communications Biology

Fig. 1: Radiation induces an innate immune response via a viral response pathway.

From: Transposable elements potentiate radiotherapy-induced cellular immune reactions via RIG-I-mediated virus-sensing pathways

Fig. 1

a Experimental design. b Interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) activity in A549 cells was determined using luciferase assays at 0, 48, 96 h, 7 d and 11 d after no irradiation (NIR group) or 8 Gy irradiation (IR group). Data were presented as the mean ± SEM of three biological replicates; *p ≤ 0.05 and **p ≤ 0.01 compared to the NIR group at 0 h, paired t-test. ISRE activity in A549 cells was determined using a luciferase assay following IR. Error bars represent the SEM of three biological replicates. *p ≤ 0.05 and **p ≤ 0.01, paired t-test. NIR nonirradiated, IR irradiated. c Representative western blots (n = 3 independent experiments) of activated (phosphorylated) STAT1 and PD-L1 (CD274) at the indicated times after 8 Gy irradiation. GAPDH served as the loading control. d Phosphorylation dynamics of peptides with or without irradiation, as determined using Scaffold DIA. The red dots indicate peptides with more than a twofold change in abundance in IR cells compared with NIR cells. e Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the phosphopeptides (the red dots) shown in d. X-axis represents the count of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) belonging to each GO term. f Differential phosphorylation of viral response-related proteins before and after irradiation.

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