Table 1 Effects of behavioral thermoregulation on embryonic development in different habitats of Pelodiscus sinensis.

From: Behavioral thermoregulation by reptile embryos promotes hatching success and synchronization

Variable

Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation-inhibited

Statistical analysis

Open habitat

Incubation period (days)

54.74 ± 0.09 (n = 73)

57.67 ± 0.27 (n = 69)

F1,140 = 110.561, p < 0.001

Coefficient of variation

0.010 ± 0.001 (n = 15)

0.034 ± 0.003 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 48.791, p < 0.001

Variation range (days)

1.50 ± 0.22 (n = 15)

5.09 ± 0.54 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 38.565, p < 0.001

hatching success (\(\%\))

0.73 ± 0.03 (n = 15)

0.64 ± 0.03 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 8.290; p = 0.012

Filtered habitat

Incubation period (days)

54.89 ± 0.13 (n = 76)

58.32 ± 0.29 (n = 68)

F1,142 = 123.734, p < 0.001

Coefficient of variation

0.016 ± 0.003 (n = 15)

0.037 ± 0.003 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 29.815, p < 0.001

Variation range (days)

2.24 ± 0.40 (n = 15)

5.79 ± 0.53 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 39.663, p < 0.001

hatching success (\(\%\))

0.75 ± 0.03 (n = 15)

0.64 ± 0.02 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 10.678; p = 0.006

Fully-shaded habitat

Incubation period (days)

55.12 ± 0.15 (n = 66)

58.20 ± 0.22 (n = 66)

F1,130 = 128.562, p < 0.001

Coefficient of variation

0.017 ± 0.003 (n = 15)

0.027 ± 0.003 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 48.791, p = 0.017

Variation range (days)

2.32 ± 0.37 (n = 15)

4.08 ± 0.44 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 9.293, p = 0.005

hatching success (\(\%\))

0.68 ± 0.04 (n = 15)

0.61 ± 0.01 (n = 15)

F1,28 = 3.289; p = 0.080

  1. Effects of behavioral thermoregulation on embryonic development were analyzed by generalized linear mixed models with the clutch number as the random factor. Data are presented with means ± SE.