Fig. 5: Dysregulation of iron homeostasis underpins colistin potentiation by kaempferol. | Communications Biology

Fig. 5: Dysregulation of iron homeostasis underpins colistin potentiation by kaempferol.

From: Disrupting iron homeostasis can potentiate colistin activity and overcome colistin resistance mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Fig. 5

Growth inhibition of A. baumannii in the presence of 0.375 mM kaempferol concentration in combination with sub-MIC amounts of colistin (1.22 µg/mL) is rescued by Fe3+ (a), but not Fe2+ (b) supplementation. c EDTA at 100 μM potentiates the activity of colistin; colistin was used at sub-MIC amounts (1.22 µg/mL). d The concentration of available intracellular Fe3+ and Fe2+ was decreased in the presence of the kaempferol, compared to the DMSO control. For all panels, assays were carried out in biological triplicate, with three technical repeats. Analysis consists of independent t test for (a, b and d) and one-way ANOVA for (c), between the treated samples and the DMSO carrier control. Average values ± S. D. are represented. Significance is indicated as ns = non-significant, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.

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