Fig. 3: 13C-labeling pattern of the glycolytic and TCA cycle metabolites in RelQ cells.

Time-course changes in the 13C fractions of metabolites, which was initiated by the addition of 25 mM sodium bicarbonate-13C to RelQ cell cultures after 24 h of culture in the presence of sodium nitrate, followed by the addition of 1 mM IPTG (●, RelQ-ox) or without IPTG (○, RelQ) after 72 h. Black and gray arrows represent direct and indirect reaction, respectively. All data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent biological experiments). Statistical significance between each sampling point of RelQ-ox and RelQ cells was determined using Student’s t test (**p < 0.01). Abbreviations: CS citrate synthase, ACN aconitase, ICD isocitrate dehydrogenase.