Fig. 1: Synapsid carnivore jaw morpho-functional diversity.
From: Predatory synapsid ecomorphology signals growing dynamism of late Palaeozoic terrestrial ecosystems
a Jaw shape morphospace. b Jaw functional characters mapped across shape morphospace. (Colour gradient reflects functional character values—see scale.) c Jaw functional morphospace, with arrows showing general functional trends. Point size represents Log10(mm) femur length. N = 122. Jaw silhouettes: 1. Smilesaurus ferox, 2. Sphenacodon ferox, 3. Secodontosaurus obtusidens, 4. Microvaranops parentis, 5. Varanodon agilis, 6. Lycideops longiceps, 7. Lobalopex mordax, 8. Ictidosaurus angusticeps, 9. Procynosuchus delaharpeae, 10. Dimetrodon milleri, 11. Vetusodon elikhulu, 12. Dinogorgon rubidgei, 13. Deuterosaurus biarmicus. 14. Mycterosaurus longiceps. BF biting force, BIA Biarmosuchia, CYN Cynodontia, DIN Dinocephalia, EOT Eothyrididae, GRG Gorgonopsia, MAMA mean anterior mechanical advantage, MAR maximum aspect ratio, MPMA mean posterior mechanical advantage, OMA opening mechanical advantage, OPH Ophiacodontidae, RAO relative articulation offset, RSL relative symphyseal length, RTL relative toothrow length, SA Symphyseal angle, SPH Sphenacodontia (non-therapsid), SR Symphyseal robusticity, THR Therocephalia, VAR Varanopidae. N = 122 taxa. Biarmosuchia, Dinocephalia and Therocephalia silhouettes by Dmitry Bogdanov (vectorized by T. Michael Keesey); all other silhouettes created by S.A.S., but some are vectorised from artwork by Felipe Alves Elias (https://www.paleozoobr.com/), available for academic use with attribution.
