Fig. 4: Alterations of force and calcium transients at different pacing frequencies. | Communications Biology

Fig. 4: Alterations of force and calcium transients at different pacing frequencies.

From: Synchronous force and Ca2+ measurements for repeated characterization of excitation-contraction coupling in human myocardium

Fig. 4

a Normalized average contraction force and calcium and force-calcium loops in human myocardial slices (0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 2 Hz; n = 5 patients, 14 slices). b Amplitude (difference between peak and baseline values), Ton, and tau in force and calcium transients at increasing pacing frequencies (amplitude, n = 5 patients, 14 slices; Ton and tau, n = 5 patients, 15 slices). Data are presented as mean and SEM. Statistical analysis is performed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons posttest versus 0.5 Hz in force-frequency and calcium-frequency relationships. A p < 0.05 was defined as the significance cutoff.

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