Fig. 1: Proposed mechanisms involved in the interplay between nuclear condensates and chromatin organization.

Illustrations of chromatin (pink) and condensates (green) schematically represent the ways they can influence each other. a Chromatin can act as a nucleation site for condensate formation. b Chromatin structure driven by CTCF-cohesin loops (cohesin complexes represented in blue) can act as a structural framework favoring condensate formation. c Chromatin microenvironment can exert mechanical forces on nuclear condensates. Local microenvironments would generate greater forces impairing condensate growth. d Condensate formation and growth can pull in two distant chromatin regions, driving chromatin looping. e Condensate growth can exert mechanical forces on surrounding chromatin, pushing it apart. f Condensate can bring multiple chromatin regions together, forming a multi-way chromatin hub.