Fig. 3: HCMV infection triggers a robust detrimental antiviral/pro-inflammatory response in RPTECs.
From: Human cytomegalovirus infection triggers a paracrine senescence loop in renal epithelial cells
a Multiplex analysis of secreted cytokines and chemokines in the supernatants from HCMV-infected RPTECs (grey bars) (MOI 1) at different time points after infection. Of the 27 cytokines and chemokines assayed in cell-free medium samples, the following 9 were found to be secreted at much higher levels compared to mock controls (white bars): granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1-α/CCL3), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-9 (IL-9). Data are expressed as mean values ± SD from three independent experiments (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test). b qPCR analysis of mRNA expression of lipocalin 2 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (LCN2, left panel) or ELISA measurement of the secreted protein (LCN2/NGAL, right panel) in HCMV- (grey bars) or mock-infected RPTECs (white bars) at the indicated time points. Data are expressed as mean values ± SD from three independent experiments (***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test).
