Fig. 4: Phylogeny analysis of insect HESPs and bacteria proteins.

The unrooted phylogenetic tree of HESP proteins in Riptortus pedestris, Pyrrhocoris apterus, and Oncopeltus fasciatus (red), along with close-related proteins from bacteria (blue), was constructed. The best-fit amino acid substitution model was determined using ModelTest-NG52 and maximum likelihood trees were constructed using RAxML-NG with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Nodes with bootstrap values > 60% are marked with solid blue circles, and the larger circles indicate higher bootstrap values.