Fig. 1: Stroke evokes long-lasting damage in myogenic spontaneous vasomotion, correlating with the no-reflow time window.

a Experimental design of the myogenic spontaneous vasomotion detection under pre-ischemic and post-ischemic (Occ.2hRep.22 h) conditions. b Representative maximum intensity projection (MIP) images and kymographs of MCA before and after (Occ.2hRep.22 h) ischemic stroke in SMACreER:Ai47 mouse under 2PLSM. D₀ represents the basal arteriolar diameter, and R₀ for arteriolar radius. The magenta solid line represents the resliced position. c Representative time-lapse radius changes trace of arteriole before (dash line) and after (solid line) (Occ.2hRep.22 h) ischemic stroke. d Fourier transform analysis of the rhythmic fluctuations in the arterioles before and after (Occ.2hRep.22 h) ischemic stroke (N = 4 mice). e Statistical analysis of accumulated power (AUC, area under the curve) of vasomotion within the frequency range of 0–0.3 Hz before and after (Occ.2hRep.22 h) ischemic stroke (N = 4 mice). Paired vasomotion index analysis of the MCA before and after (Occ.2hRep.22 h) ischemic stroke (N = 7 mice, n = 33 vessels), including frequency of rhythmic cycles (f), standard deviation (SD) of the peak intervals (g), and amplitude of changes in the vascular radius (h). i Pie chart representing the percentage of ‘inert arterioles’ before and after (Occ.2hRep.22 h) ischemic stroke in a paired measurement (N = 7 mice, n = 46 vessels), which oscillates with a frequency less than venular vasomotion (0.026 Hz). j Pie chart representing the percentage of ‘aberrant arterioles’ before and after (Occ.2hRep.22 h) ischemic stroke (N = 7 mice, n = 46 vessels). k Scheme of timepoints for MCAO surgery, CBF detection using LDF and LSCI, and histological assessment using TTC staining, in the short-term (2 days) of ischemic-induced neuronal injury evaluation assay. l LSCI images of the mouse whole brain indicate the time course changes in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) before, during (Occ.2 h), and after (Occ.2hRep.22 h) ischemic stroke. m Statistical analysis of the relative CBF changes (LSCI method) between the contralateral and ipsilateral at different time points during ischemic stroke (N = 5 mice). All measurements were normalized to the basal CBF before ischemic stroke. n Statistical analysis of the relative CBF changes (LDF method) at different time points before and after MCAO or sham surgery (N = 4 mice for each group). o TTC staining for mouse brain after 2 days of MCAO or sham surgery (N = 5 or 7 mice). p–q Statistical analysis of the total infarct volume and the infarct ratio (% contralateral hemisphere) using TTC staining. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Statistic for (e, p, q), data were analyzed using unpaired t tests. Statistics for (f, g, h), paired t tests were used. Otherwise, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis.