Fig. 5: Sexual dimorphism in pelvic ratios.
From: Sexual dimorphism of the human fetal pelvis exists at the onset of primary ossification
a Least squares mean and 95% confidence intervals for sex differences in the pelvimetry ratios. Positive least squares mean values indicate that females exhibit larger measurements. The asterisks and black circles indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). The dataset comprised 72 human fetus specimens. b Scatter plot of the pelvic inlet ratio (#11/#12). c Cranial view of the reconstructed pelvic inlet in males (CRL, 64 mm) and females (CRL, 65 mm). The light blue areas indicate the areas of primary ossification. Scale bar, 2 mm. d Scatter plot of the distance between the left and right ischial spines relative to the intercristal distance (#13/#1). e Caudal view of the reconstructed pelvic outlet in males (CRL, 71 mm) and females (CRL, 70 mm). The white arrowhead indicates the subpubic angle. Scale bar, 2 mm. Blue and red squares indicate the estimated means for males and females in each CRL subgroup, respectively. CRL crown-rump length.
