Fig. 3: Antibiotics and sodium butyric treatments on HTH-induced GLP-1 suppression.

a The effect of antibiotics cocktail treatment on the plasma level of GLP-1 and insulin. n = 6 mice for each group. ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test. Error bars represent ±s.d. b The plasma levels of butyric acid at day 3 and day 10 after HTH treatment. n = 10 mice for each group. Error bars represent ±s.d. c The plasma levels of propionic acid at day 3 and day 10. d The effect of sodium butyrate administration of the GLP-1, e Insulin, and f fasting blood glucose level. d, e n = 10 mice for each group. **P < 0.01, **P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA. Error bars represent ±s.d. f n = 9 mice in HTH group, n = 10 mice in NC, L.S.B and H.S.B group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, **P < 0.001by Kruskal–Wallis. Error bars represent ±s.d.