Fig. 6: O2•− imaging and immunofluorescence staining of HCC mouse models with varying degrees of HSCs activation.

a, b O2•− imaging and immunofluorescence staining of ordinary HCC mice and HCC mice with aHSCs. c, d O2•− imaging and immunofluorescence staining of HCC mice with the inhibited aHSCs by D-pen. λex = 800 nm, λem = 450–550 nm. Scale bar = 100 μm. The data were expressed as mean ± SD, n = 5. ***p < 0.001 compared to the control group.